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Annotated · critical & intersectional · not a technical bibliography

Further reading

The camp's tools show you the mechanism. These readings ask what the mechanism is doing in the world — who builds it, whose labor and data it runs on, who pays when it fails, and what it does to how we see each other. Deliberately heavier on critique, fiction, and philosophy than on engineering: that part the tools already cover.

§ A · Start with these three

short, free where marked, and aimed at Session 1
"On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots" — Emily M. Bender, Timnit Gebru, Angelina McMillan-Major & Margaret Mitchell
Paper · 2021 · free online

The paper behind the camp's central move: a language model is a fluent predictor, not an understander — and scale has costs in data, labor, and environment. Pairs directly with the Prediction ≠ understanding bridge and the Tokenizer.

"ChatGPT Is a Blurry JPEG of the Web" — Ted Chiang
Essay · The New Yorker · 2023

The best single metaphor for what Session 1 demonstrates: lossy compression of the training text, returned with confident fluency. Short enough to assign between Saturdays.

Computer Power and Human Reason — Joseph Weizenbaum
Book · 1976

Written by ELIZA's own creator after watching people confide in his pattern-matcher. The original argument that the question is not what computers can do but what we ought to delegate to them. The camp's ELIZA Simulator is this book made playable.

§ B · Power, data, labor

who builds it, who pays
Algorithms of Oppression — Safiya Umoja Noble
Book · 2018

How "neutral" ranking and retrieval encode racism and sexism — the search-engine ancestor of every default the camp's Default Test surfaces.

Race After Technology — Ruha Benjamin
Book · 2019

Names the "New Jim Code": discrimination that hides inside technical neutrality. The sharpest companion to the Default is a design decision bridge.

Atlas of AI — Kate Crawford
Book · 2021

AI as an extractive industry — lithium, labor, data, classification power. The wide-angle lens behind the camp's Access Tiers conversation.

Weapons of Math Destruction — Cathy O'Neil
Book · 2016

The pre-generative classic on opaque models scoring teachers, loans, and sentences. Useful precisely because none of it is about chatbots — the pattern precedes the hype.

Automating Inequality — Virginia Eubanks
Book · 2018

Three case studies of automated decision systems aimed at poor families. For the "what does the human decide next?" half of the camp's loop, this is the stakes.

Ghost Work — Mary L. Gray & Siddharth Suri
Book · 2019

The invisible human labor — labeling, filtering, moderating — inside every "automated" system. Answers the cohort's labor questions with reporting, not vibes.

Empire of AI — Karen Hao
Book · 2025

Reported from inside the frontier labs and from the data-labor economies they depend on. The most current map of who profits and who is extracted from.

"I'd Blush if I Could: Closing Gender Divides in Digital Skills Through Education" — UNESCO & EQUALS
Report · 2019 · free online

How the default-female, deferential voice assistant got that way — the report that named the pattern and the title comes from Siri's old reply to abuse. For the cohort's questions about gender and how models are personified; pairs with Klara and the Sun and the ELIZA Simulator.

Resisting AI — Dan McQuillan
Book · 2022

For the opposed-but-curious pathway specifically: an argument that refusal and restructuring are legitimate technical positions, not failures to adapt.

§ C · Seeing machines

for Sessions 2 & 3
"Excavating AI" — Kate Crawford & Trevor Paglen
Essay · 2019 · free online

What's actually inside image training sets — the categories, the politics, the people photographed without consent. Read it the week of Session 2, after the Dataset Balance Simulator.

Ways of Seeing — John Berger
Book · 1972

Not about AI at all — about how images carry assumptions about gender, class, and power. Fifty years later it reads like a manual for interrogating image-model defaults.

Unmasking AI — Joy Buolamwini
Book · 2023

From the Gender Shades audits to the "coded gaze": what face-analysis systems fail to see, and what it took to make the failures count. A model-behavior investigation, book-length.

§ D · Fiction & philosophy

the questions, in other registers
"Computing Machinery and Intelligence" — Alan Turing
Paper · 1950 · free online

The imitation game, in Turing's own surprisingly readable prose — including the objections he anticipated. Better than every summary of it.

Klara and the Sun — Kazuo Ishiguro
Novel · 2021

An artificial friend narrates what she sees — and what she can't. The most precise fiction we have about machine perception, personification, and the gendered warmth we project onto assistants. Pairs with ELIZA and What does the machine see?

"The Lifecycle of Software Objects" — Ted Chiang
Novella · 2010 · collected in Exhalation

What would it actually take to raise a digital being — in time, care, and labor? The slow, unglamorous counter-story to instant intelligence.

All Systems Red — Martha Wells
Novella · 2017

Murderbot would rather watch its shows than be personified, thank you. A short, funny on-ramp to personhood questions — and an easy recommendation for students.

§ E · For educators

the classroom angle
Teaching Machines — Audrey Watters
Book · 2021

A century of attempts to automate teaching, and why they keep promising the same things. Inoculation for the next edtech pitch you sit through.

More Than a Glitch — Meredith Broussard
Book · 2023

Why bias in technical systems is structural, not a bug to patch — written to be teachable, with classroom-ready examples across race, gender, and ability.

How to use this list: none of it is required. One reading per week, chosen by interest, is plenty — bring one sentence you underlined to the next session's debrief, or post it to the Evidence Wall. The free essays are linked from the recap threads; the books are in most library systems.